麻将入门图解Mahjong: An Illustrated Beginner's Guide
认牌、胡牌、砌牌、行牌，四步从零上手。以广东 / 香港常见打法为基础，各地番种细节略有差异。Tiles, winning, the wall, and turn actions — four steps from zero. Based on the common Cantonese / Hong Kong style; scoring details vary by region.
一副麻将有哪些牌？What's in a mahjong set?
一副麻将共 136 张：34 种牌面，每种 4 张。其中「数牌」分三门——萬子、條子、餅子，各从一到九；「字牌」包括四张风牌（東南西北）和三张箭牌（中發白）。A full set has 136 tiles: 34 unique faces, four copies of each. The three numbered suits — Characters (萬), Bamboos (條) and Dots (餅) — each run 1 to 9. The honor tiles are the four Winds (East, South, West, North) and the three Dragons (Red 中, Green 發, White 白).
| 门类Family | 内容Faces | 张数Count |
|---|---|---|
| 萬子Characters 萬 | 一萬 至 九萬1–9 of Characters | 9 × 4 = 36 |
| 條子Bamboos 條 | 一條 至 九條1–9 of Bamboos | 9 × 4 = 36 |
| 餅子Dots 餅 | 一餅 至 九餅1–9 of Dots | 9 × 4 = 36 |
| 風牌Winds 風 | 東、南、西、北East, South, West, North | 4 × 4 = 16 |
| 箭牌Dragons 箭 | 中、發、白Red 中, Green 發, White 白 | 3 × 4 = 12 |
| 合计Total | 136 |
数牌可以组成顺子，字牌只能凑刻子或做将眼——记住这一点，后面的规则就顺了。Numbered tiles can form runs; honor tiles can only form triplets or the pair. Keep this in mind and the rest follows.
怎样才算胡牌？What makes a winning hand?
你手里始终保持 13 张牌。当摸进或别家打出的第 14 张牌，恰好让手牌凑成「4 组面子 + 1 对将眼」时，就可以宣布胡牌。You always hold 13 tiles. The moment a 14th tile — drawn or claimed from a discard — completes "4 sets + 1 pair", you declare the win.
面子有两种基本形：顺子（同一门连续三张，如 二三四萬）和 刻子（三张相同，如 東東東）。四张相同则为杠，杠要额外补一张牌。将眼是任意成对的两张。A set is either a run (three consecutive tiles of one suit, e.g. 2-3-4 of Characters) or a triplet (three identical tiles). Four identical tiles make a kong, which earns a replacement draw. The pair ("eyes") is any two identical tiles.
常见牌型与番数Common hands & fan values
| 牌型Hand | 条件Requirement | 番数Fan |
|---|---|---|
| 平胡 | 四组顺子或顺刻混搭 + 将眼，最基础的胡法Any mix of runs and triplets plus a pair — the baseline win | 1 |
| 對對胡 | 四组全部是刻子，没有顺子All four sets are triplets, no runs | 3 |
| 七對子 | 七个互不相同的对子（部分打法采用）Seven distinct pairs (used in some rulesets) | 3 |
| 混一色 | 一门数牌 + 字牌One numbered suit mixed with honors | 3 |
| 清一色 | 整副手牌只有一门数牌The whole hand in a single numbered suit | 6 |
| 十三幺 | 各门一、九与七种字牌各一张，其中一张成对One of every terminal (1s & 9s) and every honor, any one paired | 满贯Limit |
番（fan）是计分的倍数：最终得分 ≈ 底分 × 2番，番越多得分翻倍越猛。中發白刻子、圈风 / 门风刻子、自摸各加 1 番。各地起胡番数与番种表不同，开局前先约定。Fan are scoring doubles: final score ≈ base × 2fan. A dragon triplet, a seat/round-wind triplet, or winning by self-draw each adds 1 fan. Minimum fan to win and the fan table vary by region — agree before you start.
一局是怎么开始的？How does a hand begin?
- 掷骰定庄Roll for dealer 每人掷两颗骰子，点数最大者坐东位做庄家。庄家连胡则连庄；别家胡牌后，庄位逆时针移交下一家。Each player rolls two dice; the highest sits East as dealer. The dealer keeps the seat while winning; when anyone else wins, the deal passes counter-clockwise.
- 砌牌成墙Build the wall 136 张牌全部反扣洗匀，每人面前砌 17 墩、每墩上下 2 张——17 × 2 × 4 = 136，围成一圈方城。Shuffle all 136 tiles face-down and stack them two high, 17 stacks per player — 17 × 2 × 4 = 136 — forming a square.
- 掷骰开牌Break the wall 庄家再掷两骰。总点数先逆时针数座位（庄家自己为 1）决定从谁的牌墙开；再在那面墙上自右往左数同样的墩数，从该处开始抓牌。The dealer rolls again. Count the total counter-clockwise around the seats (dealer = 1) to pick whose wall to break, then count the same number of stacks from that wall's right end — draw from there.
- 逆时针抓牌Deal the tiles 从庄家开始逆时针轮流，每次抓两墩（4 张），抓满 12 张后再各补 1 张；庄家多抓 1 张，开局时庄家 14 张、闲家 13 张，由庄家打出第一张牌。Starting with the dealer and going counter-clockwise, each player takes two stacks (4 tiles) at a time up to 12, then one more each. The dealer takes an extra tile — 14 to everyone else's 13 — and makes the first discard.
开杠后要从牌墙的尾端补一张牌。若牌墙抓完仍无人胡牌，本局作荒庄（流局），重新洗牌开局。After declaring a kong, draw a replacement from the tail of the wall. If the wall runs out with no winner, the hand is a draw and you reshuffle.
轮到你时能做什么？What can you do on a turn?
基本节奏是「摸一张、打一张」，手牌永远回到 13 张。别家打出的牌，符合条件时可以喊出来据为己有——这就是吃、碰、杠、胡。The rhythm is "draw one, discard one" — your hand always returns to 13. When another player discards, you may claim the tile by calling — that's chow, pung, kong, or the win itself.
| 动作Action | 说明What it does | 时机When |
|---|---|---|
| 摸牌 mō | 轮到自己时从牌墙抓 1 张，手牌变 14On your turn, draw one tile from the wall — now 14 | 自己回合Your turn |
| 打牌 dǎ | 打出 1 张亮在桌面，手牌回到 13Discard one tile face-up, back to 13 | 摸牌之后After drawing |
| 吃 chī | 用上家打出的牌凑成顺子，亮在门前Claim a discard to complete a run, shown openly | 只能吃上家Left player only |
| 碰 pèng | 用任何一家打出的牌凑成刻子Claim any player's discard to complete a triplet | 任何一家Any player |
| 杠 gàng | 四张相同：可明杠别家打出的第四张，或暗杠手中四张，随后补牌 1 张Four of a kind — claim the fourth from a discard or declare from hand, then draw a replacement | 两者皆可Either way |
| 胡 hú | 第 14 张让手牌成型，宣布胡牌结束本局The 14th tile completes your hand — declare and end the round | 自摸或荣和Self-draw or discard |
多家同时要牌怎么办？Two players want the same discard?
同一张打出的牌，喊胡的压过喊碰的，喊碰 / 杠的压过喊吃的。吃只对下家生效，所以永远排在最后。For the same discard, a win call beats a pung, and a pung/kong beats a chow. A chow only serves the next player, so it always yields.
哪些牌能连在一起？Which tiles go together?
同门连续三张，标准顺子Three consecutive, one suit — a clean run
含九的边张顺子同样成立A run ending at 9 works too
跨门不能组顺子，必须同一门Runs can't mix suits — one suit only
不连续的三张不是顺子Not consecutive — not a run
字牌没有大小顺序，永远组不成顺子Honors have no sequence — they can never form a run
字牌可以组刻子，發财刻子还加番Honors form triplets happily — a dragon triplet even adds fan
本教程由查询网原创撰写并配图，中英对照；规则以广东 / 香港常见打法为基础，番种与起胡门槛各地不同，以牌桌约定为准。This guide was written and illustrated by ip438.com as an original bilingual tutorial. It follows the common Cantonese / Hong Kong style; fan tables and minimums vary by region — the table you sit at decides.
查询网 Copyright © 2026 ip438.com 闽ICP备2023014808号-3 版权所有